Mercurial > kallithea
annotate docs/overview.rst @ 8522:c9834271cd06 stable
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This regressed with f83326e2e66c, released in 0.6.0 .
Fix problem reported by Felipe Cardoso Resende.
author | Mads Kiilerich <mads@kiilerich.com> |
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date | Wed, 21 Apr 2021 14:50:09 +0200 |
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1 .. _overview: |
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2 |
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3 ===================== |
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4 Installation overview |
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5 ===================== |
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6 |
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7 Some overview and some details that can help understanding the options when |
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8 installing Kallithea. |
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9 |
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10 1. **Prepare environment and external dependencies.** |
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11 Kallithea needs: |
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12 |
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13 * A filesystem where the Mercurial and Git repositories can be stored. |
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14 * A database where meta data can be stored. |
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15 * A Python environment where the Kallithea application and its dependencies |
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16 can be installed. |
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17 * A web server that can host the Kallithea web application using the WSGI |
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18 API. |
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19 |
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20 2. **Install Kallithea software.** |
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21 This makes the ``kallithea-cli`` command line tool available. |
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22 |
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23 3. **Create low level configuration file.** |
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24 Use ``kallithea-cli config-create`` to create a ``.ini`` file with database |
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25 connection info, mail server information, configuration for the specified |
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26 web server, etc. |
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27 |
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28 4. **Populate the database.** |
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29 Use ``kallithea-cli db-create`` with the ``.ini`` file to create the |
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30 database schema and insert the most basic information: the location of the |
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31 repository store and an initial local admin user. |
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32 |
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33 5. **Configure the web server.** |
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34 The web server must invoke the WSGI entrypoint for the Kallithea software |
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35 using the ``.ini`` file (and thus the database). This makes the web |
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36 application available so the local admin user can log in and tweak the |
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37 configuration further. |
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38 |
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39 6. **Configure users.** |
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40 The initial admin user can create additional local users, or configure how |
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41 users can be created and authenticated from other user directories. |
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42 |
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43 See the subsequent sections, the separate OS-specific instructions, and |
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44 :ref:`setup` for details on these steps. |
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45 |
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46 |
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47 Python environment |
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48 ------------------ |
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49 |
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50 **Kallithea** is written entirely in Python_ and requires Python version |
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51 3.6 or higher. |
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52 |
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53 Given a Python installation, there are different ways of providing the |
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54 environment for running Python applications. Each of them pretty much |
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55 corresponds to a ``site-packages`` directory somewhere where packages can be |
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56 installed. |
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57 |
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58 Kallithea itself can be run from source or be installed, but even when running |
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59 from source, there are some dependencies that must be installed in the Python |
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60 environment used for running Kallithea. |
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61 |
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62 - Packages *could* be installed in Python's ``site-packages`` directory ... but |
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63 that would require running pip_ as root and it would be hard to uninstall or |
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64 upgrade and is probably not a good idea unless using a package manager. |
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65 |
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66 - Packages could also be installed in ``~/.local`` ... but that is probably |
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67 only a good idea if using a dedicated user per application or instance. |
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68 |
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69 - Finally, it can be installed in a virtualenv. That is a very lightweight |
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70 "container" where each Kallithea instance can get its own dedicated and |
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71 self-contained virtual environment. |
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72 |
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73 We recommend using virtualenv for installing Kallithea. |
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74 |
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75 |
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76 Locale environment |
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77 ------------------ |
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78 |
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79 In order to ensure a correct functioning of Kallithea with respect to non-ASCII |
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80 characters in user names, file paths, commit messages, etc., it is very |
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81 important that Kallithea is run with a correct `locale` configuration. |
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82 |
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83 On Unix, environment variables like ``LANG`` or ``LC_ALL`` can specify a language (like |
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84 ``en_US``) and encoding (like ``UTF-8``) to use for code points outside the ASCII |
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85 range. The flexibility of supporting multiple encodings of Unicode has the flip |
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86 side of having to specify which encoding to use - especially for Mercurial. |
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87 |
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88 It depends on the OS distribution and system configuration which locales are |
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89 available. For example, some Docker containers based on Debian default to only |
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90 supporting the ``C`` language, while other Linux environments have ``en_US`` but not |
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91 ``C``. The ``locale -a`` command will show which values are available on the |
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92 current system. Regardless of the actual language, you should normally choose a |
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93 locale that has the ``UTF-8`` encoding (note that spellings ``utf8``, ``utf-8``, |
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94 ``UTF8``, ``UTF-8`` are all referring to the same thing) |
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95 |
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96 For technical reasons, the locale configuration **must** be provided in the |
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97 environment in which Kallithea runs - it cannot be specified in the ``.ini`` file. |
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98 How to practically do this depends on the web server that is used and the way it |
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99 is started. For example, gearbox is often started by a normal user, either |
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100 manually or via a script. In this case, the required locale environment |
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101 variables can be provided directly in that user's environment or in the script. |
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102 However, web servers like Apache are often started at boot via an init script or |
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103 service file. Modifying the environment for this case would thus require |
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104 root/administrator privileges. Moreover, that environment would dictate the |
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105 settings for all web services running under that web server, Kallithea being |
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106 just one of them. Specifically in the case of Apache with ``mod_wsgi``, the |
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107 locale can be set for a specific service in its ``WSGIDaemonProcess`` directive, |
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108 using the ``lang`` parameter. |
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109 |
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110 |
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111 Installation methods |
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112 -------------------- |
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113 |
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114 Kallithea must be installed on a server. Kallithea is installed in a Python |
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115 environment so it can use packages that are installed there and make itself |
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116 available for other packages. |
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117 |
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118 Two different cases will pretty much cover the options for how it can be |
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119 installed. |
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120 |
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121 - The Kallithea source repository can be cloned and used -- it is kept stable and |
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122 can be used in production. The Kallithea maintainers use the development |
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123 branch in production. The advantage of installation from source and regularly |
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124 updating it is that you take advantage of the most recent improvements. Using |
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125 it directly from a DVCS also means that it is easy to track local customizations. |
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126 |
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127 Running ``pip install -e .`` in the source will use pip to install the |
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128 necessary dependencies in the Python environment and create a |
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129 ``.../site-packages/Kallithea.egg-link`` file there that points at the Kallithea |
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130 source. |
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131 |
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132 - Kallithea can also be installed from ready-made packages using a package manager. |
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133 The official released versions are available on PyPI_ and can be downloaded and |
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134 installed with all dependencies using ``pip install kallithea``. |
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135 |
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136 With this method, Kallithea is installed in the Python environment as any |
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137 other package, usually as a ``.../site-packages/Kallithea-X-py3.8.egg/`` |
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138 directory with Python files and everything else that is needed. |
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139 |
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140 (``pip install kallithea`` from a source tree will do pretty much the same |
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141 but build the Kallithea package itself locally instead of downloading it.) |
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142 |
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143 .. note:: |
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144 Kallithea includes front-end code that needs to be processed to prepare |
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145 static files that can be served at run time and used on the client side. The |
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146 tool npm_ is used to download external dependencies and orchestrate the |
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147 processing. The ``npm`` binary must thus be available at install time but is |
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148 not used at run time. |
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149 |
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150 |
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151 Web server |
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152 ---------- |
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153 |
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154 Kallithea is (primarily) a WSGI_ application that must be run from a web |
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155 server that serves WSGI applications over HTTP. |
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156 |
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157 Kallithea itself is not serving HTTP (or HTTPS); that is the web server's |
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158 responsibility. Kallithea does however need to know its own user facing URL |
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159 (protocol, address, port and path) for each HTTP request. Kallithea will |
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160 usually use its own HTML/cookie based authentication but can also be configured |
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161 to use web server authentication. |
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162 |
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163 There are several web server options: |
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164 |
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165 - Kallithea uses the Gearbox_ tool as command line interface. Gearbox provides |
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166 ``gearbox serve`` as a convenient way to launch a Python WSGI / web server |
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167 from the command line. That is perfect for development and evaluation. |
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168 Actual use in production might have different requirements and need extra |
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169 work to make it manageable as a scalable system service. |
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170 |
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171 Gearbox comes with its own built-in web server for development but Kallithea |
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172 defaults to using Waitress_. Gunicorn_ and Gevent_ are also options. These |
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173 web servers have different limited feature sets. |
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174 |
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175 The web server used by ``gearbox serve`` is configured in the ``.ini`` file. |
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176 Create it with ``config-create`` using for example ``http_server=waitress`` |
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177 to get a configuration starting point for your choice of web server. |
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178 |
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179 (Gearbox will do like ``paste`` and use the WSGI application entry point |
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180 ``kallithea.config.middleware:make_app`` as specified in ``setup.py``.) |
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181 |
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182 - `Apache httpd`_ can serve WSGI applications directly using mod_wsgi_ and a |
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183 simple Python file with the necessary configuration. This is a good option if |
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184 Apache is an option. |
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185 |
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186 - uWSGI_ is also a full web server with built-in WSGI module. Use |
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187 ``config-create`` with ``http_server=uwsgi`` to get a ``.ini`` file with |
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188 uWSGI configuration. |
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189 |
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190 - IIS_ can also server WSGI applications directly using isapi-wsgi_. |
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191 |
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192 - A `reverse HTTP proxy <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_proxy>`_ |
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193 can be put in front of another web server which has WSGI support. |
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194 Such a layered setup can be complex but might in some cases be the right |
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195 option, for example to standardize on one internet-facing web server, to add |
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196 encryption or special authentication or for other security reasons, to |
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197 provide caching of static files, or to provide load balancing or fail-over. |
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198 Nginx_, Varnish_ and HAProxy_ are often used for this purpose, often in front |
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199 of a ``gearbox serve`` that somehow is wrapped as a service. |
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200 |
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201 The best option depends on what you are familiar with and the requirements for |
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202 performance and stability. Also, keep in mind that Kallithea mainly is serving |
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203 dynamically generated pages from a relatively slow Python process. Kallithea is |
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204 also often used inside organizations with a limited amount of users and thus no |
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205 continuous hammering from the internet. |
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206 |
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207 .. note:: |
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208 Kallithea, the libraries it uses, and Python itself do in several places use |
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209 simple caching in memory. Caches and memory are not always released in a way |
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210 that is suitable for long-running processes. They might appear to be leaking |
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211 memory. The worker processes should thus regularly be restarted - for |
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212 example after 1000 requests and/or one hour. This can usually be done by the |
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213 web server or the tool used for running it as a system service. |
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214 |
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215 |
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216 .. _Python: http://www.python.org/ |
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217 .. _Gunicorn: http://gunicorn.org/ |
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218 .. _Gevent: http://www.gevent.org/ |
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219 .. _Waitress: http://waitress.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ |
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220 .. _Gearbox: http://turbogears.readthedocs.io/en/latest/turbogears/gearbox.html |
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221 .. _PyPI: https://pypi.python.org/pypi |
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222 .. _Apache httpd: http://httpd.apache.org/ |
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223 .. _mod_wsgi: https://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/ |
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224 .. _isapi-wsgi: https://github.com/hexdump42/isapi-wsgi |
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225 .. _uWSGI: https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ |
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226 .. _nginx: http://nginx.org/en/ |
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227 .. _iis: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Information_Services |
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228 .. _pip: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pip_%28package_manager%29 |
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229 .. _WSGI: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Server_Gateway_Interface |
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230 .. _HAProxy: http://www.haproxy.org/ |
439792d55052
docs: try to improve the web server overview page
Mads Kiilerich <madski@unity3d.com>
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5417
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231 .. _Varnish: https://www.varnish-cache.org/ |
7437
b66725ba01ed
cli: add command 'kallithea-cli front-end-build'
Thomas De Schampheleire <thomas.de_schampheleire@nokia.com>
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7055
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232 .. _npm: https://www.npmjs.com/ |